Rabbenu
A Discussion of Messianic Judaism, the Emerging Messianic Jewish Paradigm, and Related Leadership Issues from the Preoccupied Mind of Rabbi Stuart Dauermann, PhD.
All Contents ©2004-2007 Stuart Dauermann - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Friday, March 19, 2004
A Must-Read Book for Messianic Jewish Theologizing and Outreach
Shaw, R. Daniel, and Charles E. Van Engen. Communicating God’s Word in a Complex World: God’s Truth or Hocus Pocus? Lanham, MD. Rowman and Littlefield, 2003.
R. Daniel Shaw is Professor of Anthropology and Bible Translation at the Fuller Theological Seminary School of Intercultural Studies, Pasadena, CA. Son of missionary parents, he grew up in South India and the southern Philippines. With an M.A, and Ph.D. in Anthropology, he and his Jewish wife Karen served for twelve years (1969-1981) with Wycliffe Bible Translators as missionaris to the Samo tribespeople, former cannibals in Papua, New Guinea. His Ph.D. is from the University of Papua, New Guinea. He has been at Fuller Seminary since 1981. Chuck Van Engen was born and raised in Chiapas, Mexico by missionary parents. A 1973 graduate of Fuller Seminary, he was ordained by the RCA, and with his wife Jean served with the National Presbyterian Church of Mexico from 1973 to 1985. He received his Ph.D. in missiology from the Free University of Amsterdam, under Johannes Verkuyl. He taught at Western Theological Seminary in Holland Michigan from 1985 to 1988, when he joined the faculty of the Fuller Seminary School of Intercultural Studies, where, in 1997, he was installed as Arthur F. Glasser Professor of Biblical theology of Mission. He is past President of the Reformed Church in America. Both he and Dr. Shaw are known for their utter respect for the integrity and validity of varied cultures represented at the School of Intercultural Studies such that they never impose their perspective on people seeking to find God’s answers for their own people and context.
In stating their thesis, Shaw and Van Engen say "The thesis of the book is that contemporary communication of the biblical message can be modeled after the way the writers of Scripture utilized earlier texts and restructured them for their contemporary audience [thus they directly contradict Bruce Longenecker and others who hold that apostolic exegesis was necessarily unique to themselves, and agree with people like Richard Hays and James de Young and Sarah Hurty who state otherwise]….Communication of the Gospel takes the entire proclamation process (the original communication, the communicators, and the present-day audience) into account. This entire process is impacted by knowing God, which in turn is informed by all of the relevant contextual data. [Their] objective in writing this book is to apply theological, communicational, and anthropological principles to the hermeneutical process in order to provide appropriate and relevant messages for the people who hear the word of the Lord" (2003:xiv).
The book is in three parts, each consisting of three chapters. Part I ""Faithful Communication" examines in turn the intent, the source and the message of faithful communication, highlighting God as the actual author whose intent is the transformation of human life through relationship with himself, and whose authorial intent must be respected and not impeded by the communicator. Van Engen and Shaw call for faithfulness to the intent of God’s communication (Chapter 1), the recognition of God as the true source of Gospel communication (chapter 2), and comprehension of the message that forms the truth of that communication (chapter 3). Their purpose is "to effectively present what God has proclaimed through God’s Word in ways that will clearly exhibit God’s truth—what God intended human beings to understand and apply in their lives (2003:9)" Part II, "Appropriate Communication," considers theoretical issues concerning, in turn, theologically appropriate, communicationally appropriate, and culturally appropriate communication. "The biblical horizons into which God originally spoke can be understood better because of an awareness of communicational and cultural issues extant when God spoke (Chapter 4). Applying models of communication to what God said (chapter 5) in the cultural context of communicators and their audiences alike (chapter 6) enhances communicability. This section of the book lays out the key constructs that inform our understanding of both the text (par I) and the context (part III) [2003:65)." Part III concerns "Relevant Communication," and speaks in turn of seeking, enabling and pursuing relevant communication. "We seek to communicate the Word of God effectively by remaining faithful to the intent of Scripture (chapter 7), appropriate to the audience (chapter 8), and relevant in use of media and styles of communication with reference to particular receptors (chapter 9). This is the application section of the book that projects [their] missiological passion and synthesizes the theological and theoretical issues necessary to bring authenticity and vibrancy to communicating God’s Word to people in a complex world" (2003:155). These are followed by a summing up conclusion and two appendices.
The book is mature scholarship at its best, providing lucid and skillful summations of the current state of evangelical hermeneutical theory, translational approaches, and anthropological means of culture analysis. The work is a must-read for leaders in the Messianic Jewish movement because it provides a sophisticated and scholarly grid for developing an awareness and analysis of how all theologies are local, and how the role of the gospel communicator must never be seen as merely transferring his/her knowledge of the things of God to another culture in an understandable manner. Shaw and Van Engen highlight how the gospel is living and active and produces a different result in each discrete culture it enters. In this regard, one might compare each culture to a unique soil, and the gospel to a seed which germinates according to each soil’s uniqueness, producing fruits that vary in accordance with the particular soil involved.
The authors show how Scripture must be interpreted and understood within the context of four horizons: those of the original author and original hearers/readers, that of the gospel communicator, and that of the receptors. Each of these horizons separately transforms and impacts perception and incarnation of God’s truth, so that the truth, or the understanding and impact of the truth is never and cannot ever be the same from one horizon to the next. Indeed, the pay-off for the communicator is that his/her own grasp of truth is transformed and broadened though encountering the transforming and transformational response of his receptors. Faithful communicators are also transformed by the very act of struggling to communicate the truth to the receptors. The truth is alive and always new and transformational, even when those changes are subliminal.
This book will disabuse readers from the common assumption that fidelity to God simply requires delivering to others the doctrinal package committed to us by whatever wing of Evangelicalism we have been immersed in—the perception that theology is only a received and preserved deposit to be delivered as wrapped rather than something to be unwrapped and rewrapped by each culture as it uniquely interacts with the life-giving seed of the Word. I would contend along with Shaw and Van Engen that our vision of the truth will be and indeed must be broadened, challenged and transformed as we witness its impact and never before seen flowering in myriad contexts. Indeed the gospel does its best work in cultural contexts where the receptors are not passive but active in grappling with gospel newness and what it demands of them. While fundamentalist exegesis often values submissiveness and passivity in the receptors, such a response is more likely to result in syncretism than transformation. Transformation comes in the struggle—wrestling in the text with the heavenly being as did Jacob.
I found the book most liberating chiefly because it supports the authors’ contention that all theologies are local. The book therefore supports those of us involved in Messianic Judaism developing its own theology. Shaw and Van Engen point out that receptors are not passive, and that their effective response to the message they receive will vary to the degree that the "new truth" being proposed accords with the truths already resident in their own experience and culture. This is especially so of Jews who have been grappling with the Living God and his revelation to us for 3500 years. When the message comes to us, it finds us already involved in wrestling with the heavenly being and his word of promise and life.
Two negatives about the book. The authors are not free of Evangelicalism’s tendency to use the Jews as bad examples (see pages 60, 133, and 202, among others). Since I know these authors well and their respect for the Jewish people is unquestioned, I realize these gaffes are inadvertent, and serve as unintended illustrations of one of their major premises: that communicators unknowingly bring their own communal and theological baggage with them in the communication process. Although not a weakness in the book, their text needs reinterpreting in the Messianic Jewish context because of their embedded missionary assumption that communicators bring special revelation to target audiences that formerly had only general revelation. This is not true of the Jewish people who have already been recipients of special revelation for thousands of years, and continue today as heirs of a calling to be kings and priests and a holy nation, a people whose wrestling with God did not have to await the blowing of Evangelicalism’s whistle.
This volume receives my heartiest endorsement. Not only Messianic Jews, but also no one who labors anywhere in God’s vineyard can afford to be asleep to its clarion call.
posted by Stuart Dauermann @ 6:27 PM
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Sunday, March 07, 2004
Mel Gibson's "Passion" Movie
I didn't want to go, but my position as a Rabbi, and especially as a Messianic Rabbi, obliged me to go see "The Passion of the Christ." I saw it last night.
On the basis of the reports of others, I had dire expectations about the film. But I knew I could not rightly hold to my opinions without going and seeing for myself. The film exceeded by expectations--sadly so.
I do not hold against Mel Gibson the fact that he made a hard-right Roman Catholic portrayal of the events. For that is who he is: a hard-right Roman Catholic. He is to be commended for his laser-like intentionality doing exactly what he set out to do: to desanitize the scourging and crucifixion of Yeshua so that people would have a deep visceral sense of just what we mean by scourging and crucifixion. Although there are perhaps a half dozen flashbacks in the film which take us earlier in Yeshua's life, they do not last more than a minute, and they do not detract from the fact that the film is essentially two hours of merciless, sadistic, cruel beatings, whippings, flayings and crucifixion--two hours of torture. That is what the film set out to do and that is what it did masterfully.
Spiritually the film had two benefits for me. It caused me to appreciate the decision Yeshua made to do the will of God for the sake of humanity's good, doing that will to the end despite the horrific moment by moment excruciating cost. It caused me to evaluate myself: "How willing am I to do the will of G-d despite the cost to myself? At what points do I wimp out?" Secondly, the film made Yeshua's cries of "Father forgive them, they know not what they do," to be astounding and penetrating. Forgiveness in the midst of excruciating pain is astounding--and personally challenging in the extreme.
Yet, the focus of the film was butchery and brutality.
But that is not my objection. What is appalling in the film, and what made me at first uncomfortable and later angry, was the monolithic, one-dimensional and generalized portrayal of the Jewish people, its priesthood and the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin and the priesthood of Israel is portrayed as devoid of any spirituality, as a kind of heartless, soulless religious Mafia. The fact that one member of the Sanhedrin protests the kangaroo court proceedings of Yeshua's trial only makes the generalization that much more indelible: that the religious leaders of Israel were soulless, worthless, brutal, devilish thugs. The portrayal of the ENTIRE population of Jerusalem was no better. The crowd, whether in the courts of the Temple, in Pilate's courtyard, or on the streets on the way to the crucifixion, are a study is blood-lust, like the crowds at the Roman Coliseum crying out for blood and death. The film portrays the Jewish people and their religious leaders as spiritually bankrupt and morally repugnant. The fact that they used the Roman soldiery, also portrayed one dimensionally, as the means of execution, in no way mitigates the monolithic impression that the Jews killed the Messiah, and their religious leaders were worthless thugs, leaders of the murderous mob.
Again, there are a handful of figures in the film who are exceptions: one or two soldiers who seem troubled by the brutality and touched by Jesus' mother's suffering and his purity in suffering; the apocryphal St. Veronica, a Jew, who rushes to give Yeshua a drink of water; a few sentimental women along the Via Dolorosa crying out for someone to stop the butchery being carried out before their eyes. But these few exceptions only make the generalizations more stark. The Roman soldiers were heartless psychopaths, the Jews as a whole blood-thirsty baying hounds, the Jewish leaders spiritually bankrupt corrupt gangsters. And Yeshua is a noble victim, obedient to the end.
Nothing in the movie made Yeshua seem to be an option for self-identified Jews, but only for Jews prepared to turn their backs on their people and their leaders. This is repugnant, and does violence to the cause of truth and Messianic Judaism.
Mel Gibson did his job well. However, it is a job I wish had never been done. On the whole, this is truly "a disaster movie," more propaganda than evangel--and certainly not good news for the Jews.
posted by Stuart Dauermann @ 6:32 PM
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